The Importance Of Unethical Experiments - 1879 Words

Every day, there are scientist/ researchers conducting experiments, or studies, in order to try and prove facts about everyday life. In conducting these experiments, there are the normal, ethical experiments that have continuously gone to prove many different facts that most of us might have not even noticed about ourselves or one another, and then there are the few experiments that are deemed to be unethical and, although still have shown and proved to us different facts about ourselves, really can not be replicated once again because of the amount of controversy caused by them. The experiments and studies such as the Stanley Milgram Obedience experiment, the Stanford Prison and Guards experiment, the Bystander Effect, the David Reimer†¦show more content†¦Now as the voltage would increase, the fake screams of the learner (the accomplice) would become louder and more agonizing so that the â€Å"teacher† would get tricked into thinking he was actually causing the lear ner physical pain. The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether the â€Å"teacher† would continue to administer the shocks each time the voltage increased even though he could hear the learners screams just because the experimenter/ authoritative figure would instruct him to do so. The result of the experiment was that 62.5% of the â€Å"teachers† went to the max voltage (450 volts) even though the â€Å"learner† was instructed to stay quiet once the voltage got above 300 volts to make it seem as if the â€Å"learner† had lost consciousness which proved that the majority of people would in fact, listen to what an authoritative figure tells them to do even though it could be causing another severe pain. What you can take away from this is that in the end, the majority of the â€Å"teachers† (participants) were willing to administer a fatal shock and potentially end someone’s life just because an authoritative figure instructed them to which proved Stanley Milgram’s purpose of the experiment. Now this experiment was said to be unethical because of the fact that Milgram deceived the participants and tricked them into believing that they could have actually murdered another human being. The experience ofShow MoreRelatedThe Psychological Health Of Human And Obedience991 Words   |  4 Pages Since the 1960s unethical experiments have been conducted to understand the mechanisms behind these phenomena. Recent studies explore the necessity of those unsafe practices to arouse new ideas in the psychological literature. Conversely, they also exploit the unnecessary risks of practices in which could’ve been alleviated to minimize harm to participants. Till this day, experiments conducted since the 1960s have been important to understand power and obedience. An experiment by Milgram (1963)Read MoreStanley Milgrams Experiments On Obedience1386 Words   |  6 PagesIn her article, â€Å"Review of Stanley Milgram’s Experiments on Obedience†, psychologist Diana Baumrind criticizes Stanley Milgram’s experiments on obedience to authority, stating that not only were Milgram’s experiments unethical but so was the scientist himself, claiming that he did not take appropriate measures to properly ensure his subject’s wellbeing post-experiment and therefore, experiments such as these should not be repeated. Baumrind does address an important point in her review and that isRead MoreThe Tuskegee Syphilis Study And The Stanford Prison Experiment883 Words   |  4 Pagescodes. The Tuskegee syphilis study and the Stanford prison experiment highlighted a psychological study without proper patients’ consent and appropriate treatment, resulting in a research disaster with unethical incidents. During the timespan of 1932 to 1972 in Tuskegee, Macon County, Alabama, 600 poor and rural African American men were participants for a study done by the United States Public Health Service (â€Å"The Rationalization of Unethical Research,† 2015, pg. 13). Deprived of proper treatment,Read MoreThe Little Albert Experiment : Psychological Research And Society881 Words   |  4 PagesAlbert Experiment, which revealed new insight into conditioned emotional responses, affected psychological research and society through further understanding of the origin of some fears; I personally feel the experiment to have been unethical, yet it is this unethicalness which makes it particularly interesting and is why I chose this experiment in particular. The Little Albert Experiment set out to further the understanding of classical conditioning in regards to humans. The experiment was performedRead MoreMilgram and Zimbardo - Ethics and Usefulness839 Words   |  4 Pagesobtained) and which study is the most unethical. The study of social psychology, particularly conformity, is very difficult to conduct both ethically and accurately in order to be able to obtain useful results. In the studies done by Milgram and Zimbardo, ethics were definitely breached but to what extent were these experiments useful, and which one offered the most insight into human behaviour? While both Milgram and Zimbardo’s methods were flawed and unethical towards the participants I believeRead MoreBad Blood, Good Nursing1538 Words   |  7 Pagessuch mistake involves the role that the infamous Nurse Rivers played in the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. Today, we know that nurses have an ethical duty to intervene when an unethical practice is found, both for the safety of the patient and the integrity of the title RN. Nurses may have difficulty intervening with unethical practices of a doctor because of the negative effects it may have on the working relationship. However, after reviewing what occurred within the Tuskegee study, we’ve seen whatRead MoreUnethical And Criminal Behavior During The Prussian Parliament944 Words   |  4 PagesThe experiment with human subject was brought to an attention to the Prussian Parliament, when several unethical and criminal behaviors were traced in the field of research in Germany in the nineteenth century. The research was mainly conducted unethically in the hospitals, mainly without any informed consent. The turning point for the establishment of universal rule regarding human experiment was done after the case of Neisser, where in 1898, Albert Neisser, who discovered the gonoc occus and professorRead MoreClinical Trials: A Kantian and Utilitarian Point of View Essay965 Words   |  4 Pagesis entitled â€Å"of mice but not men: problems of randomized clinical trials,† is written by Samuel Hellman and Deborah S. Hellman discusses the issues of randomized medical testing and experiments on patients. The article describes the role of the personal physician and how the physician can take an ethical or unethical path of treating his/her patients. The relationship between the patient and physician is greatly emphasized because according to the article trust is very valuable in medicine especiallyRead MoreAnalysis Of Oryx And Crake By Margaret Atwood1321 Words   |  6 Pagescharacteristics of individuals. Having said that, ethics plays a significant role in Margaret Atwood’s novel, Oryx and Crake. The world in which Oryx and Crake are presented differs from our own. The lifestyle throughout the novel demonstrates the value and importance of e thics in one’s life and how it can effortlessly lead to a tragedy. In the novel, Margaret Atwood focuses on the excess of the lack of moral responsibility and freedom showing that as much as science can help a person, it can also destroy themRead MoreRacism and Research the Tuskegee Syphilis Study Essay1087 Words   |  5 Pagesthe 1940s validation of penicillin as an effective cure for the disease they were studying. To explore the role of the racism in the controversial study, this essay analyzes the article written by Allan M. Brandt. | | The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment (also known as the Tuskegee Syphilis Study or Public Health Service Syphilis Study) was an infamous clinical study conducted between 1932 and 1972 in Tuskegee, Alabama by the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) to study the natural progression of untreated

Unit 4 - 893 Words

Take a look at the following case studies that detail an outcome associated with a disease/organ malfunction. Select one study to investigate further for your assignment. Critically evaluate the information provided and correlate it with the organ systems that are affected in the scenario. Use the information that you have gathered to answer the assignment questions that follow the case study. For assistance with your assignment, please use your text, the AIU Library, Web resources, and course materials. Case Study 1: Atherosclerosis is narrowing of arteries caused by the accumulation of fatty deposits on the arterial walls. On June 22, 2002 the St. Louis Cardinals were preparing for their upcoming baseball game against the†¦show more content†¦A recent doctor s visit reveals that Mr. Amos has stage 3 lung cancer, characterized by his symptoms of nagging chest pain, fatigue, coughing up blood, substantial weight loss, and increased carbon dioxide levels in his blood. The doctor informed Mr. Amos that had he quit his smoking habit several years ago, he would have reduced his risk for developing lung cancer later in life. Mr. Amos immediately begins treatment for the lung cancer that has metastasized to his lymph nodes. Answer the following assignment questions: What main components in cigarettes affect the respiratory system? Explain their effects on specific organs, cells and/or processes in the respiratory system. There are alternate mechanisms of transporting carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2 ) in the blood. Explain how smoking might lead to increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood. Can smoking affect other organ systems of the body? Give specific examples and briefly explain your answer. How can you correlate cellular respiration with the respiratory system? Does smokeless tobacco present a reduced risk for lung cancer and other smoking associated diseases? Provide evidence for your answer. Case Study 3: Gigantism is abnormally large growth during childhood caused by excess growth hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. Robert Wadlow, born on February 22, 1918, weighed a normal eight pounds, sixShow MoreRelatedUnit 4835 Words   |  4 Pages UNIT ASSIGNMENT | Unit Number | Unit Name | Credit value | 4 | Business Communication | 10 | Name of assignment | Investigation of Business Communication | Name of Assessor | Raghbir McGinley | Start date | Completion date | Duration of assignment | Part 1 04.02.13Part 2 11.03.13 | 25.02.1325.03.13 | 3 weeks3 weeks | Feedback date (A grade and actions for improvement will be given and recorded at this point. You can upgrade your work at the unit upgrade date, asRead MoreUnit 4707 Words   |  3 PagesWilliam Findley Unit 4 Short answer 1. How do modules help you reuse code in a program? MODULES ALSO REDUCE THE DUPLICATION OF CODE WITHIN A PROGRAM..THIS BENEFIT OF USING MODULES IS KNOWN AS code reuse BECAUSE YOU ARE WRITING THE CODE TO PERFORM A TASK ONCE AND THEN REUSING IT EACH TIME YOU NEED TO PERFORM A TASK. 2. Name and describe the two parts that a module definition has in most languags. A header and a body. Header indicates starting point, and the body is a list of statementsRead MoreUnit 4 Review850 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Unit 4 Review. 1. Which is not a method for collecting a toolmark on a doorframe? a. casting that portion of the doorframe b. photography b. removing that portion of the frame c. making a rubbing of the mark on the frame 2. Which tool most likely made these striations? a. pry bar b. screwdriver c. Pliers d. bolt cutter 3. Analysis of radial cracks from three impacts revealed that cracks from A stopped at cracks from Z. Cracks from Z stopped at cracks from B. Which is the correct order of theRead MoreUnit 4 Assignment628 Words   |  3 PagesAssignment Unit 4 Candace House CJ140 March 26, 2013 Assignment Unit 4 There are two legal terms â€Å"search† and â€Å"seizure†. The legal term search means to examine anothers premises to look for evidence of criminal activity. Under the 4th and 14th Amendments it is unconstitutional for law enforcement officers to conduct a search without a search warrant issued by a judge or without facts which give the officer probable cause to believe evidence of a specific crime is on the premises if thereRead MoreD1 Unit 4 1523 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿D1 - Unit 4 – Evaluating the appropriateness of business information used to make strategic decisions. Long term decisions are very useful as they help the business to manage the money they possess efficiently and also give them a sense of direction and where they aspire to be in the long term which could be financially. Secondly when there are long term goals and targets set by the business the workers then have that sense of responsibility which is to produce the best possible work they couldRead MoreUnit 4 P7948 Words   |  4 PagesP7 unite 4 1. What is target audience? Target audience is a particular group of people which a product, an advertisement or a television and a radio program aimed at. A target audience can be separated into deferent groups such as gender, age group, marital status, e.g. male, young people, single people. For example Dell Company wants to sell their laptops at a reasonable price, so their target audience is students, small business which can be afforded to buy. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Target_audience Read MoreUnit 4 Happiness Assignment1205 Words   |  5 PagesUnit 4 Happiness Assignment Levi Wilson Kaplan University HU300-26 The first person I interviewed was my friend’s grandmother. Although I have not met her, I have heard many things about her. She is 85 years old and has a good perspective on life. The second person I interviewed was my friend’s daughter. I know her very well. We have spent a great deal of time together. Interview with Mrs. Sally Watson Question: What is your definition of happiness? Response: Being happy meansRead MorePersonal Finance Unit 41202 Words   |  5 PagesBrittany James FIN 1100 Module 4 Home Work Assignments [Answer all questions in details] 1.|Matthew Boyd asks for your help! He has saved $10,000 and wants to invest in common stock. 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What conclusions can you draw about the supply of and demand for labor at Yahoo? I feel that Yahoo truly has a lot of work ahead of them. They seemed to be set in their ways as far as how they ran the company. They supply all of the same things that were a hit during the big boom era of the internet. The demand, is for an up to date current need. All of the other companies have

Slaughterhouse

Slaughterhouse-five Realitivity Of Time Essay Many writers in history have written science fiction novels and had great success with them, but only a few have been as enduring over time as Kurt Vonneguts Slaughterhouse-Five. Slaughterhouse-Five is a personal novel which draws upon Vonneguts experiences as a scout in World War Two, his capture and becoming a prisoner of war, and his witnessing of the fire bombing of Dresden in February of 1945 (the greatest man-caused massacre in history). The novel is about the life and times of a World War Two veteran named Billy Pilgrim. In Slaughterhouse-Five, Kurt Vonnegut uses structure and point of view to portray the theme that time is relative. We will write a custom essay on Slaughterhouse-five Realitivity Of Time specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The way Kurt Vonnegut structures Slaughterhouse-Five aids in the portrayal of the theme that time is relative. The novel is broke down into two parts: Vonneguts story about the novel and the life story of Billy Pilgrim. The life story of Billy Pilgrim which is presented as a series of episodes with no chronological order . This mirrors the structure of the novel which has a beginning, middle, and end but not in there respective places. (Dawley 1) Billy states numerous times in the novel that he has become unstuck in time and that the time travel periods arent necessarily fun. (Vonnegut 23) While the reader never leaves the main plot line of the fire-bombing of Dresden for very long, Billy still travels alot. Billy has seen his birth and death many times and all the events in between. (Vonnegut 23) The reader learns that the things Billy Pilgrim cannot change are the past, the present, and the future. (Vonnegut 60) Many of the time warps are to his later-life as an optometrist. During his life as an optometrist he marries one of his professors daughters. Even though Billy knows ahead of time, because he has seen the future before it happens, he knows that he is only marrying her to get funding from her father to start his own company. More of the time travels Billy has take him to his time on the planet Tralfamadore. Billy says that the aliens abducted him on his daughters wedding night and returned him a few milliseconds later, but actually spend many months on Tralfamadore because the Tralfamadorians can also see in the fourth dimension, time, which allowed them to keep Billy for what seemed like longer than what he was actually there. While on Tralfamadore, Billy learns to accept his life as it is dealt to him because nothing that happens to you damages you forever. Since time is relative, and your life is like a mountain range, your death ,birth, and all the events in between are nothing more than peaks in a range of mountains, irremovable and able to be vis ited numerous times. The point of view that Slaughterhouse-Five is written from also affects the way the reader fells about time after reading the novel. Since the story is narrated by a omniscient being that is everywhere with Billy Pilgrim, the reader gets a first hand account of every event in his life. Also Billy is very relaxed and accepting all things around him. A good example of this is Billys habit of following every death with so it goes. (Vonnegut 69) The repetition of this phrase not only de-emphasizes death, but also helps Vonnegut assert control over the readers response after a death. (Dawley 2) The way Billy describes the war as if it is still going also directly relates to his repetition of so it goesand his acceptance of the relativity of time. After seeing the clean shaven Americans at the camp, Billy realized how young they were and was shocked, saying,My God, its the Childrens Crusade! (Vonnegut 91). This shows Billys view of war as irrelevant and of no practica l use except in the extermination of some mothers child. He believes that people are no better off, as far as getting along, then when they started the war. Because of his beliefs about war, Billy lackadaisically goes through it accepting everything that happens to him because of it. For example, when Billy is picked up by the wondering group of soldiers he is expected to be the first one to die and accepts that and even tells them to leave him because he would just get them captured or killed. The ironic thing is that the two scouts that abandoned Billy and Roland because they were loud and clumsy ended up being killed by what Billy said were, Three inoffensive bangs that came from far away. (ClassicNote 1). This shows Billys acceptance by the bangs that caused his comrades deaths being inoffensive; whereas, if you ask any veteran of war, no shots are inoffensive even if a fellow person is not killed by it. Billy also visits the planet Tralfamadore in the book. His trip to Tralfama dore explains to the reader how he got his point of view on time. The Tralfamadorians see in four dimensions (time being the fourth); whereas, humans only see in three. The Tralfamadorians try to explain to Billy that time is like a stretch of the Rocky Mountains and that all time is time. It does not change. It does not lend itself to warnings or explanations and that taken moment by moment, a person will find that we are all bugs in amber. (Vonnegut 85-86) To the Tralfamadorians, the heavens are filled with rarefied, luminous spaghetti (Vonnegut 87) where humans see only stars. Billy and Vonneguts own philosophy about life and time is that death is too important to ignore, yet is nothing to fear, and that the reader should accept the unchangeable course of life and of death, and not look back as Lots wife did, and enjoy the good moments and bad as well that life brings to us. (Dunstan 1)Slaughterhouse-Five gives the reader insight on the meaning of life, time, and war. The though t of humans being able to view their lives moments concurrently and not linearly is erroneous to the reader, yet Kurt Vonnegut brings into the readers head the idea of time being relative and only existing in humans imaginations. .u7367b060f3c68c89e09aee28b428a714 , .u7367b060f3c68c89e09aee28b428a714 .postImageUrl , .u7367b060f3c68c89e09aee28b428a714 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7367b060f3c68c89e09aee28b428a714 , .u7367b060f3c68c89e09aee28b428a714:hover , .u7367b060f3c68c89e09aee28b428a714:visited , .u7367b060f3c68c89e09aee28b428a714:active { border:0!important; } .u7367b060f3c68c89e09aee28b428a714 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7367b060f3c68c89e09aee28b428a714 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7367b060f3c68c89e09aee28b428a714:active , .u7367b060f3c68c89e09aee28b428a714:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7367b060f3c68c89e09aee28b428a714 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7367b060f3c68c89e09aee28b428a714 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7367b060f3c68c89e09aee28b428a714 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7367b060f3c68c89e09aee28b428a714 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7367b060f3c68c89e09aee28b428a714:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7367b060f3c68c89e09aee28b428a714 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7367b060f3c68c89e09aee28b428a714 .u7367b060f3c68c89e09aee28b428a714-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7367b060f3c68c89e09aee28b428a714:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Alternative Cinema EssayWorks CitedClassicNote. Insanity of war in Slaughterhouse-Five. 29 Jan 2001. a href=http://www.gradesaver.com/ClassicNotes/Titles/slaughterhousefive/essays/insanitywar.htmlhttp://www.gradesaver.com/ClassicNotes/Titles/slaughterhousefive/essays/insanitywar.html. Dawley, Jason. The use of Fragmentation in Slaughterhouse-Five. 29 Jan 2001. a href=http://www.geocities.com/hollywood/4953/kv_fragmentation.htmlhttp://www.geocities.com/hollywood/4953/kv_fragmentation.html. Dunston, Brittany. Destruction of Dresden, destruction of Vonneguts dream. 29 Jan 2001. http://www.geocities.com/hollywood/4953/kv_dream.html. Vonnegut, Kurt. Slaughterhouse-Five. New York:Dell, 1991.